Kind of special ceramics
Special ceramics developed in the twentieth century, science and technology in modern production and to promote and nurture, they are "breeding" very fast, especially in the last two or three decades, an endless stream of new varieties, dazzling. Classified according to chemical composition are:
① oxide ceramics: alumina, zirconia, magnesium oxide, calcium oxide, beryllium oxide, zinc oxide, yttrium oxide, titanium oxide, thorium oxide, uranium.
② Nitride Ceramics: silicon nitride, aluminum nitride, boron nitride, and uranium.
③ carbide ceramics: silicon carbide, boron carbide, and uranium.
④ boride ceramics: zirconium boride, lanthanum boride.
⑤ silicide Ceramics: molybdenum silicide.
⑥ fluoride Ceramics: fluoride, magnesium fluoride, calcium fluoride, lanthanum.
Sulfide Ceramics: zinc sulfide, and cerium. There arsenide ceramics, ceramic selenide, telluride ceramics.
In addition to a compound mainly composed of single-phase ceramics, there are the two or more compounds of a composite ceramic. For example, a combination of alumina and magnesia spinel ceramics, silicon nitride and a combination of aluminum nitride ceramic aluminum oxide, the chromium oxide, lanthanum oxide, calcium oxide and a combination of calcium lanthanum chromite ceramic, the zirconium oxide, titanium oxide, lead oxide, lanthanum oxide, a combination of lead lanthanum zirconate titanate (PLZT) ceramic and so on. In addition, there is a category added in ceramic metal cermet generated, for example, oxide cermet cermet carbides, boride cermets, etc., is also an important modern ceramic varieties. In recent years, in order to improve the brittleness of the ceramic, the ceramic base is added metal and inorganic fibers, such fiber-reinforced ceramic composite composed of materials, ceramic family, but it is the youngest one of the most promising branch.
People to production, research and study the convenience, sometimes by chemical composition, according to the performance of the ceramic, put them into high-strength ceramics, high temperature ceramics, high toughness ceramics, ferroelectric ceramics, piezoelectric ceramics, electrolyte ceramics, semiconductors ceramic, dielectric ceramic, ceramic plate (i.e. transparent ceramics), magnetic porcelain, ceramics and bioceramics acid and so on.
With the development of science and technology, people can expect faster development of modern ceramics will generate more updated varieties.